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Canto XXVIII
Argument
They arrive in the ninth gulf, where the sowers of scandal, schismatics,
and heretics, are seen with their limbs maimed or divided in different ways.
Among these the Poet finds Mohammed, Piero da Medicina, Curio, Mosca, and
Bertrand de Born.
Who, e'en in words unfetter'd, might at full
Tell of the wounds and blood that now I saw,
Though he repeated oft the tale? No tongue
So vast a theme could equal, speech and thought
Both impotent alike. If in one band
Collected, stood the people all, who e'er
Pour'd on Apulia's happy soil their blood,
Slain by the Trojans, and in that long war,[1]
When of the rings the measured booty made
A pile so high, as Rome's historian writes
Who errs not; with the multitude, that felt
The griding force of Guiscard's Norman steel,[2]
[1: The war of Hannibal in Italy.]
[2: Robert Guiscard, conqueror of Naples, died 1110. See Paradise,
Canto xviii.]
And those the rest,[3] whose bones are gather'd yet
At Ceperano, there where treachery
Branded the Apulian name, or where beyond
Thy walls, O Tagliacozzo,[4] without arms
The old Alardo conquer'd; and his limbs
One were to show transpierced, another his
Clean lopt away; a spectacle like this
Were but a thing of naught, to the hideous sight
Of the ninth chasm. A rundlet, that hath lost
Its middle or side stave, gapes not so wide
As one I mark'd, torn from the chin throughout
Down to the hinder passage: 'twixt the legs
Dangling his entrails hung, the midriff lay
Open to view, and wretched ventricle,
That turns the englutted aliment to dross.
[3: The army of Manfredi, which, through the treachery of the Apulian
troops, was overcome by Charles of Anjou in 1265. See the Purgatory, Canto
iii.]
[4: "O Tagliacozzo." He alludes to the victory which Charles gained
over Conradino, by the sage advice of the Sieur de Valeri, in 1268.]
Whilst eagerly I fix on him my gaze,
He eyed me, with his hands laid his breast bare,
And cried, "Now mark how I do rip me: lo!
How is Mohammed mangled: before me
Walks Ali[5] weeping, from the chin his face
Cleft to the forelock; and the others all,
Whom here thou seest, while they lived, did sow
Scandal and schism, and therefore thus are rent.
A fiend is here behind, who with his sword
Hacks us thus cruelly, slivering again
Each of this ream, when we have compast round
The dismal way; for first our gashes close
Ere we repass before him. But, say who
Art thou, that standest musing on the rock,
Haply so lingering to delay the pain
Sentenced upon thy crimes." "Him death not yet,"
My guide rejoin'd, "hath overta'en, nor sin
Conducts to torment; but, that he may make
Full trial of your state, I who am dead
Must through the depths of Hell, from orb to orb
Conduct him. Trust my words; for they are true."
[5: The disciple of Mohammed.]
More than a hundred spirits, when that they heard,
Stood in the foss to mark me through amaze
Forgetful of their pangs. "Thou, who perchance
Shalt shortly view the sun, this warning thou
Bear to Dolcino:[6] bid him, if he wish not
Here soon to follow me, that with good store
Of food he arm him, lest imprisoning snows
Yield him a victim to Novara's power;
No easy conquest else": with foot upraised
For stepping, spake Mohammed, on the ground
Then fix'd it to depart. Another shade,
Pierced in the throat, his nostrils mutilate
E'en from beneath the eyebrows, and one ear
Lopt off, who, with the rest, through wonder stood
Gazing, before the rest advanced, and bared
His wind - pipe, that without was all o'ersmear'd
With crimson stain. "O thou!" said he, "whom sin
Condemns not, and whom erst (unless too near
Resemblance do deceive me) I aloft
Have seen on Latian ground, call thou to mind
Piero of Medicina,[7] if again
Returning, thou behold'st the pleasant land[8]
That from Vercelli slopes to Marcabo;
And there instruct the twain,[9] whom Fano boasts
Her worthiest sons, Guido and Angelo,
[6: "Dolcino." In 1305, a friar, called Dolcino, who belonged to no
regular order, contrived to raise in Novara, in Lombardy, a large company of
the meaner sort of people, declaring himself to be a true apostle of Christ
and promulgating a community of property and of wives, with many other such
heretical doctrines. He blamed the Pope, cardinals, and other prelates of the
holy Church, for not observing their duty, nor leading the angelic life, and
affirmed that he ought to be pope. He was followed by more than three thousand
men and women, who lived promiscuously on the mountains together, like beasts,
and, when they wanted provisions, supplied themselves by depredation and
rapine. After two years, many were struck with compunction at the dissolute
life they led, and his sect was much diminished; and, through failure of food
and the severity of the snows, he was taken by the people of Novara, and
burnt, with Margarita, his companion, and many others, whom he had seduced.]
[7: "Medicina." A place in the territory of Bologna. Piero fomented
dissensions among the inhabitants of that city, and among the leaders of the
neighboring states.]
[8: Lombardy.]
[9: "The twain." Guido del Cassero and Angiolello da Cagnano, two of
the worthiest and most distinguished citizens of Fano, were invited by
Malatestino da Rimini to an entertainment, on pretence that he had some
important business to transact with them; and, according to instructions given
by him, they were drowned in their passage near Cattolica, between Rimini and
Fano.]
That if 'tis given us here to scan aright
The future, they out of life's tenement
Shall be cast forth, and whelm'd under the waves
Near to Cattolica, through perfidy
Of a fell tyrant. 'Twixt the Cyprian isle
And Balearic, ne'er hath Neptune seen
An injury so foul, by pirates done,
Or Argive crew of old. That one - eyed traitor
(Whose realm there is a spirit here were fain
His eye had still lack'd sight of) them shall bring
To conference with him, then so shape his end
That they shall need not 'gainst Focara's wind[10]
Offer up vow nor prayer." I answering thus:
"Declare, as thou dost wish that I above
May carry tidings of thee, who is he,
In whom that sight doth wake such sad remembrance."
[10: "Focara's wind." Focara is a mountain, from which a wind blows
that is peculiarly dangerous to the navigators of that coast.]
Forthwith he laid his hand on the cheek - bone
Of one, his fellow - spirit, and his jaws
Expanding, cried: "Lo! this is he I wot of:
He speaks not for himself: the outcast this,
Who overwhelm'd the doubt in Caesar's mind,[11]
Affirming that delay to men prepared
Was ever harmful." Oh! how terrified
Methought was Curio, from whose throat was cut
The tongue, which spake that hardy word. Then one,
Maim'd of each hand, uplifted in the gloom
The bleeding stumps, that they with gory spots
Sullied his face, and cried: "Remember thee
Of Mosca[12] too; I who, alas! exclaim'd,
[11: "The doubt in Caesar's mind." Curio, whose speech (according to
Lucan) determined Julius Caesar to proceed when he had arrived at Rimini (the
ancient Ariminum), and doubted whether he should prosecute the civil war.]
[12: "Mosca." Buondelmonte was engaged to marry a lady of the Amidei
family, but broke his promise, and united himself to one of the Donati. This
was so much resented by the former, that a meeting of themselves and their
kinsmen was held, to consider of the best means of revenging the insult. Mosca
degli Uberti, or de' Lamberti, persuaded them to resolve on the assassination
of Buondelmonte, exclaiming to them, "the thing once done, there is an end."
This counsel and its effects were the source of many terrible calamities to
the State of Florence. "This murder," says G. Villani, lib. v. cap. xxxviii,
"was the cause and beginning of the accursed Guelf and Ghibelline parties in
Florence." It happened in 1215. See the Paradise, Canto xvi. 139.]
'The deed once done, there is an end,' that proved
A seed of sorrow to the Tuscan race."
I added: "Ay, and death to thine own tribe."
Whence, heaping woe on woe, he hurried off,
As one grief - stung to madness. But I there
Still linger'd to behold the troop, and saw
Thing, such as I may fear without more proof
To tell of, but that conscience makes me firm,
The boon companion, who her strong breastplate
Buckles on him, that feels no guilt within,
And bids him on and fear not. Without doubt
I saw, and yet it seems to pass before me,
A headless trunk, that even as the rest
Of the sad flock paced onward. By the hair
It bore the sever'd member, lantern - wise
Pendent in hand, which look'd at us, and said,
"Woe's me!" The spirit lighted thus himself;
And two there were in one, and one in two.
How that may be, he knows who ordereth so.
When at the bridge's foot direct he stood,
His arm aloft he rear'd, thrusting the head
Full in our view, that nearer we might hear
The words, which thus it utter'd: "Now behold
This grievous torment, thou, who breathing go'st
To spy the dead: behold, if any else
Be terrible as this. And, that on earth
Thou mayst bear tidings of me, know that I
Am Bertrand,[13] he of Born, who gave King John
The counsel mischievous. Father and son
I set at mutual war. For Absalom
And David more did not Ahitophel,
Spurring them on maliciously to strife.
For parting those so closely knit, my brain
Parted, alas! I carry from its source,
That in this trunk inhabits. Thus the law
Of retribution fiercely works in me."
[13: "Bertrand." Bertrand de Born, Vicomte de Hautefort, near
Perigueux in Guienne, who incited John to rebel against his father, Henry II
of England. Bertrand holds a distinguished place among the Provencal poets.]