Madhyamakāvatāra 1-5
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Source: GRETIL (gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de) — Sanskrit academic edition. Title: Madhyamakāvatāra 1-5. Data entry: (see source file). License: refer to source file header.
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## Data entry: members of the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Input Project
## Contribution: members of the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Input Project
## Date of this version: 2020-07-31

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## Structure of references:
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## Notes:
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	 Madhyamakavatara [Chapter 6 not available at present!]
Input by members of the Sanskrit Buddhist Input Project.
With kind permission of the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon Project
of Nagarjuna Institute, Nepal
and University of the West, Rosemead, California, USA
(www.uwest.edu/sanskritcanon)
Sastra section, text no. 53
The transliteration emulates the conventions of Nagari script.
Therefore, many word boundaries are not marked by blanks.

## Revisions:
   - 2020-07-31: TEI encoding by mass conversion of GRETIL's Sanskrit corpus

# Text

1. prathamaścittotpādaḥ

saṃskṛtabhāṣāyāmmadhyamakāvatārabhāṣyaṃ nāma / (bhoṭabhāṣāyāmdbu ma la 'jug paī bśad pa śes vyava) āryamañjuśrīkumārabhūtāya namaḥ /

madhyamakaśāstre 'vatārāya madhyamakāvatāracikīrṣayā sarvasamyaksambuddhairbodhisattvaiścāpi ādau bhagavatīṃ mahākaruṇāṃ buddhattvahetusampatpradhānām aśeṣāparimitāśaraṇabhavacārakabaddhasattvaparitrāṇalakṣaṇāṃ stutiyogyatayā darśayituṃ uktam /

munīndrajāḥ śrāvakamadhyabuddhāḥ buddhodbhavāḥkhalvapi bodhisattvāt /
kāruṇyacittādvayabuddhibodhicittāni heturjinaputrakāṇām // madhy_1.1 //

ityādi ślokadvayam / tatra anuttaradharmaiśvaryasaṃpadarjanāt, śrāvakapratyekabuddhabodhisattvebhyo 'pi paramaiśvaryasaṃpatteḥ, śrāvakādīnāṃ tadājñāvaśavartitvācca buddhā bhagavanto munīndra iti kathyante / tebhyaḥ śrāvakādīnāṃ janma tu tebhya utpattiḥ / katham? buddhānāṃ samutpāde pratītyasamutpādasya aviparyastadeśanāyāṃ praveśārthaṃ śruticintābhāvanānusāramapi yathādhimuktivacchrāvakatvādiparipūrttiḥ / yadyapi kasyacit pratītyasamutpādopadeśaśravaṇamātreṇa paramārthādhigamavaiduṣye satyapi dṛṣṭajanmanyeva nirvāṇaprāptirna bhavati, tathāpi upadeśasādhako vipākaniyataphalavat parajanmani abhīṣṭaphalaparipākaṃ niyataṃ prāpnoti / yathā āryadevena uktam- iha yadyapi tattvajño nirvāṇaṃ nādhigacchati / prāpnotyayatnato 'vaśyaṃ punarjanmani karmavat // iti // ataeva madhyamake 'pi uktam- sambuddhānāmanutpāde śrāvakāṇāṃ punaḥ kṣaye / jñānaṃ pratyekabuddhānāmasaṃsargāt pravartate // iti //

tarhi samyagavavādaphalaprāptikāraṇācchrāvakā iti / "kṛtaṃ me karaṇīyaṃ tasmān me nāparaṃ janma" ityādi bhavati / punaraparaṃ, satphalam anuttarasamyaksaṃbuddhamārgaṃ vā sarvatathāgatebhyaḥ śrutvā tadarthinaḥ śrāvaṇatvācchrāvakāḥ / yathā- saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra uktam-

adyo vayaṃ śrāvakabhūtanātha saṃśrāvayiṣyāmatha cāgrabodhim /
bodhīyaśabdaṃ ca prakāśayāmasteno vayaṃ śrāvakabhīṣmakalpāḥ // iti //

sarve bodhisattvā api tathā, kintu tathā santo 'pi śrāvayanti eva, anurūpaṃ rañcamātramapi na pratipadyante, teṣāṃ śrāvakabhūtatvād bodhisattveṣu doṣo na prasajyate / ayaṃ buddhaśabdo buddhasvabhāvaḥ śrāvakapratyekabuddhānuttarasamyaksaṃbuddhān trīnapi samākhyāti, ato buddhaśabdena pratyekabuddhā ākhyātāḥ / te puṇyajñānayoru uttaravṛddhiviśeṣatvāt, śrāvakebhyo viśiṣṭa taratvāt, puṇyajñānasambhāramahākaruṇāsarvākāratādyabhāvāt sarvasamyaksambuddhebhyo hīnatvāt madhyāḥ / tasmādeva te upadeśaṃ vinā jñānotpādād ātmamātrārthaṃ buddhatvāt pratyekabuddhā iti / yathoktasvabhāvatvāt te śrāvakāḥ pratyekabuddhāśca tathāgatadharmadeśanātaḥ samudbhūtatvāt munīndrajā iti / punaśca te munīndrāḥ kuto jātā iti?- buddhodbhavāḥ khalvapi bodhisattvād ityuktam / nanu bodhisattvā api tathāgatopadeśata utpatrabhūtatvāt jinaputrā iti kiṃ noktāḥ? atoḥ kathaṃ buddhā bhagavanto bodhisattvebhyo jātā uktā iti? satyamidam, tathāpi hetudvayena bodhisattvā buddhabhagavatāṃ hetavo bhavanti- avasthāviśeṣatvāt, samādāpakāvatāratvācca / tatra avasthāviśeṣastu tathāgatāvasthābodhisattvāvasthayoḥ sahetukatvāt / samādāpakastu yathā āryamañjuśrīrbodhisattvabhūta eva bhagavataḥ śākyamuneḥ tatpareṣāṃ tathāgatānāṃ pūrva eva kāle bodhicittasamādāpako manyate / ata evaṃ tanniṣṭhāphalaṃ mukhyahetubhūtaṃ dṛṣṭvā tathāgatā bodhisattvajātā diṣṭāḥ / ataeva hetusampado 'tigarīyastvāt hetupūjākṛte 'pi phalapūjāyām arthāpattiṃ mattvā tairbuddhairbhagavadbhiḥ niścitam aparimitaphaladāyakamahauṣadhavṛkṣam aṃkurādisamudgatamañjuparṇāvasthābhūtavat yatnataḥ paripālanīyatvena darśayitvā tatsamaye āsannībhūtatriyānāvasaktasattvaskandhānāṃ mahāyāna eva niyojanārthaṃ bodhisattvānāṃ praśaṃsā kṛtā / yathā āryaratnakūṭasūtre-

"tadyathāpi nāma kāśyapa! navacandro namaskriyate sā ceva pūrṇacandro na tathā namaskriyate, evameva kāśyapa! ye mama śraddadhanti te balavantataraṃ bodhisattvaṃ namaskartavya, na tathāgataḥ, tat kasya hetoḥ, bodhisattvanirjātā hi tathāgatāḥ / tathāgatanirjātāḥ śrāvakapratyekabuddhāḥ /" ata eva evaṃ yuktyāgamābhyāṃ tathāgatā bodhisattvebhyo jātā iti siddham / athavā te bodhisattvāḥ kiṃ hetukāḥ? uktam / kāruṇyacittādvayabuddhibodhicittāni heturjinaputrakāṇām / tatra karuṇā tu anukampā, atraiva vakṣyamāṇaprakārasvabhāvā / advayabuddhistu bhāvābhāvādyantadvayāpetā prajñā / bodhicittaṃ tu āryadharmasaṃgītisūtre-

"bodhisattvo bodhicittena sarvadharmān avabudhyet / sarve dharmā dharmadhātusamāḥ / sarveṣām āgantukabhūtāpratiṣṭhitadharmāṇāṃ jñeyamātratvād jñātṛśūnyatvāt parijñeyamātrāva-sāyitvena etādṛśīyaṃ dharmatā prāṇibhiravaboddhavyeti bodhisattveṣu yo 'yaṃ cittotpādaḥ sa bodhisattvabodhicittotpāda ityucyate / sarvaprāṇibhyo hitasukhacittam / anuttaraṃ cittaṃ , maitryā komalaṃ cittaṃ, karuṇatayāviparyayasaṃcittaṃ, ānandatayānanutaptaṃ cittam / upekṣātayā vimalaṃ cittaṃ, śūnyatayāvipariṇāmaṃ cittam, animittatayā nirāvaraṇaṃ cittaṃ, apraṇidhānatayāpratiṣṭhitaṃ cittamiti yathoktavat" / bodhisattvānāṃ mukhyahetustu karuṇā advayaprajñā bodhicittamitīme trayo dharmāḥ santi / yathoktaṃ ratnāvalyām- śailendrarājavanmūlaṃ bodhicittaṃ dṛḍhaṃ tataḥ / digantavyāpi kāruṇyaṃ jñānaṃ cādvayaniśritam // iti //

bodhicittasya advayajñānasya ca dvayorapi mūlaṃ karuṇayā bhūtatvāt karuṇā mukhyatvena deṣṭumiṣyate /

bījaṃ kṛpā yajjinaśasyarāśestadvṛddhaye vārisamā, cirāya /
bhogāya pākaśca yathaiva mānya, mādau mamātaḥ karuṇāpraśaṃsā // madhy_1.2 //

yathā bāhyadhānyādisampattaye ādau madhye 'nte ca bījajalapākānāṃ mukhyatayā eva bhūtatvād upayogitābhāvaḥ, tathā karuṇāyā eva trikāle 'pi jinaśasyasampade upayogitāṃ evaṃ deśitā vartate / evaṃ dayālustu paraduḥkhaduḥkhita eva aśeṣaduḥkhībhūtasattvānāṃ paritrāṇāya "avaśyam aham samastamamuṃ lokaṃ duḥkhataḥ samuddhṛtya buddhatva eva saṃniyokṣyeti" niścitaṃ cittotpādaṃ karoti / asyā api pratijñāyā advayajñānaprahāṇe sādhayitumaśakyatvād, advayajñāne 'pi āvaśyaka eva avatāraḥ, ataḥ sarvabuddhadharmāṇāṃ bījaṃ karuṇā eva asti / yathā ratnāvalyām uktam- karuṇāpūrvakāḥ sarve niṣyandā jñānanirmalāḥ / uktā yatra mahāyāne kastannindet sacetanaḥ //

bodhicittotpāde 'pi yadi uttarakāle karuṇājalena punaḥ punaḥ na siñcitaḥ asañcitavipulaphalasaṃbhāro 'yam avaśyaṃ śrāvakapratyekabuddhayoḥ parinirvāṇe parinirvṛtto bhaviṣyati / anantaphalāvasthāyāṃ prāptāyāmapi yadi parakāle karuṇā paripākarahitā syād asyāḥ dīrghakālopabhogo na bhaviṣyati, āryaphalamahāsambhāraphalakramaparamparāsvabhāvo 'pi nirantaraṃ dīrghaṃ nābhivardheta / samprati ālambanaviśeṣapraveśadvāreṇapi karuṇāyāḥ svabhāvaviśeṣam abhivyajya tasyai eva praṇāmacikīrṣayā-

ātmābhisaktau tvahameti pūrvaṃ rāgodbhave bhāva idaṃ mameti /
arhaṭṭacaryāvadadhīnaloke kāruṇyavān yo 'sti namo 'stu tasmai // madhy_1.3 //

ityuktam /

asya lokasya tu mamābhiniveśāt pūrvam eva ahaṃgrahaṇād ' asantam ātmānam' astīti parikalpya atraiva satyābhiniveśaḥ, 'idaṃ tu mama' iti / ātmagrahaviṣayato bhinne 'śeṣavidhe vastuni abhiniveśo bhavati / ātmātmīyābhiniviṣṭam idaṃ jagat karmakleśabandhananibaddham cakracālakavijñānotkṣepādhīnapraveśaṃ saṃsāramahākūpabhavāgrato gambhīranirbādhāvīciparyantacalanaṃ, svayameva heṣṭhāgāmi, prayatnataḥ kathañcana ākṛṣyamāṇam, ajñānādikleśakarmajanyasaṃkleśatraye 'pi paurvāparyamadhyakrameṇa aniścitaṃ, pratidinaṃ duḥkhaduḥkhatāvipariṇāmaduḥkhatāpravāhād arhaṭṭaghaṭasyāvasthāto nātivartate, yato bodhisattvo duḥkhena duḥkhitam atikaruṇālambanena trātumiccati, ataḥ sarvaprathamaṃ khalu bhagavatī mahākaruṇā praṇamyate / iyaṃ bodhisattvakaruṇā tu sattvālambaneti /

dharmālambanāṃ nirālambanāṃ ca karuṇāmapi avalambanadvārā prakāśayitum uktam-

jagaccale candramivāmbumadhye calaṃ svabhāvena vinā vilokya /

kāruṇyavān yo 'sti namo 'stu tasmai, iti tatra yojitavyam / mandavāyulaghutaraṃgitasvacchajalābhyantaravyāptacandrapratibimbaṃ pūrvāvalambitāśrayaviṣayeṇa saha naśyati, tayorbhāvapratyakṣe avalambatvena udaye sati, uttamaistu etadvayaṃ svabhāvatāprakāśanasadṛśaṃ sthitaṃ dṛśyate- evam pratikṣaṇaṃ anityatāsvabhāvaśūnyatā ca / tathā bodhisattvaiḥ karuṇāparatantrībhūtairapi satkāyadṛṣṭayavidyāsāgare sāgaraśreṣṭhadharmāmṛtarasodbhavahetave sakalaviparītakalpanālakṣaṇe sampūrṇe jagati ayoniśovikalpamārutaprerite nīlavistṛtāvidyājale sthitān prāṇinaḥ svakarmapratibimbavatpuraḥsthitān pratikṣaṇaṃ anityaduḥkhapatītān svabhāvaśūnyān dṛṣṭvā tayoranityatāduḥkhavināśasadṛśabhūtān saddharmaśreṣṭhāmṛtarasodbhavahetave sakalaviparītakalpanānivṛttilakṣaṇaṃ sampūrṇaṃ jagat bandhutvasvabhāvabhūtaṃ buddhatvaṃ samyakprāpayitumiṣyate /

teṣāṃ yā karuṇā sattvālambanā, dharmālambanā anālambanā ca tāṃ praṇamya bodhisattvānāṃ bodhicittasya daśavidhabhedāvivakṣayā saḥ prathamabodhicittam adhikṛtya evaṃ vadati-
yadasya citte khalu bodhisattve, jagad vimuktyai karuṇāvaśaṃge // madhy_1.4 //
samantabhadrapraṇidhānanāmni, pramoditā sā prathametyavasthataḥ /

bodhisattvānām anāsravajñānasya karuṇādibhiḥ parigrahāvibhāgobhūmiriti nāma prāpnoti, guṇāśrayabhūtatvāt tasyā ca uttarottaraṃ guṇasaṃkhyābalātiśayaprāptidānādipāramitāpāṭhaparipākavṛddhiviśeṣeṇa pramuditādibhūmiprakārabhedena daśavidhabhedā vyavasthāpitāḥ, atra svabhāvaviśeṣabhedo na bhavati / yathā- yathāntarīkṣe śakuneḥ padaṃ budhairvaktuṃ na śakyaṃ na ca darśanopagam /

tathaiva sarvā jinaputrabhūmayo vaktuṃ na śakyāḥ kuta eva śrotum // ityuktam /

tatra bodhisattvabhūmiḥ pramuditā bodhisattvānāṃ prathamaścittotpādaḥ, antimaśca dharmamegho daśamaścittotpādaḥ / tatra bodhisattvasya yathoktavidhinā- jagat niḥsvabhāvadarśakaṃ karuṇāviśeṣeṇa upagṛhītaṃ yaccitaṃ karuṇāparatantraṃ sat bodhisattvasamantabhadrapraṇidhānena pariṇāmitaṃ pramuditamiti nāmakam, advayajñānaṃ tasya sahetukaṃ phalopalakṣaṇaṃ tatra prathama iti kathyate / daśamahāpraṇidhānādīni daśāsaṃkhyaśatasāhasrapraṇidhānāni, tatra bodhisattvaḥ prathamaṃ cittotpādaṃ karoti, tāni bodhisattvasamantabhadrapraṇidhānamadhye samāhitāni, aśeṣapraṇidhānopasaṃgrahatvāt samantabhadrapraṇidhānaṃ viśeṣeṇa sandṛbdham / tatra yathāśrāvakayāne praveśaphalamārgasthitibhedena aṣṭa śrāvaka bhūmivyavasthā tathā mahāyāne 'pi bodhisattvānāṃ daśabodhisattvabhūmayaḥ / punaśca yathā śrāvakasya nirvedhabhāgīyāvasthotpādaḥ prathamaphalapraveśāvasthā na manyate tathā bhāvināṃ bodhisattvānāmapi / ratnameghasūtre mahādhimuktamahācaryādharmatāyā anantaraṃ prāpteyaṃ prathamabhūmisthitistu bodhisattvasya bodhicittānutpādabhūmirityuktavat / adhimukticaryāyāstatkṣaṇāsthitirapi- 'kulaputra! tadyathā- yathā cakravartī rājā mānuṣavarṇātīto na tu devavarṇaprāptaḥ, tathaiva bodhisattvo 'pi laukikaśrāvakapratyekabuddhānāṃ sarvabhūmyatītaḥ, na tu bodhisattvaparamārthabhūmiprāptaḥ / iti tatraiva vyākhyātam / punaśca yadā iha pramuditākhyaprathamabhūmau praveśaḥ- tataḥ samārabhya tu tatra prāptaḥ sa bodhisattveti padābhidheyaḥ // madhy_1.5 //

taccittaprāptastu sarvathā pṛthagjanabhūmyatikrāntāvasthāyāṃ bodhisattvapade- naivābhidhīyate, nānyathā, tatsamaye tasya āryabhūtatvāt / yathā- bhagavatyāṃ paṃcaviṃśaśatikāyāṃ- "bodhisattva ityanubuddhasattvasyaitadadhivacanam, yena sarvadharmā buddhā jñātāḥ / kathaṃ jñātāḥ? abhūtā asaṃbhūtā avitathāḥ, naite tathā yathā bālapṛthagjanaiḥ kalpitāḥ / naite tathā yathā bālapṛthagjanairlabdhāḥ / tenocyate bodhisattvā iti / tatkasya hetoḥ? akalpitā avikalpitā hi bodhiḥ, aviṭhapitā hi bodhiḥ, anupalambhā hi bodhiḥ / na hi suvikrāntavikrāmiṃstathāgatena bodhirlabdhā / alambhātsarvadharmāṇāmanupalambhātsarvadharmāṇāṃ bodhirityucyate / evaṃ buddhabodhirityucyate, na punaryathocyate / yena suvikrāntavikrāmin bodhāya cittamutpādayanti idaṃ cittaṃ bodhāyotpādayiṣyāma iti bodhiṃ manyante, astyasau bodhiryasyāṃ vayaṃ cittamutpādayiṣyāma iti, na te bodhisattvā ityucyante, utpannasattvāsta ucyante / tatkasmāddhetoḥ? tathā hi utpādābhiniviṣṭāścittābhiniviṣṭā bodhimabhiniviśante /" ityādi uktam / punaśca- "alakṣaṇā hi bodhirlakṣaṇasvabhāvavinivṛttā / ya evamanubodhaḥ, iyamucyate bodhiriti, na punaryathocyate / eṣāṃ hi suvikrāntavikrāmin dharmāṇāmanubodhatvādvodhisattva ityucyate / yo hi kaścit suvikrāntavikrāmin imān dharmānaprajānannanavabudhyamāno bodhisattva ityātmānaṃ pratijānīte, dūre tasya bodhisattvasya bodhisattvabhūmiḥ, dūre bodhisattvadharmāḥ, visaṃvādayati sadevamānuṣāsuraṃ lokaṃ bodhisattvanāmnā / sacetpunaḥ suvikrāntavikrāmin vāṅmātreṇa bodhisattvo bhavet, tena sarvasattvā api bodhisattvā bhaveyuḥ / naitatsuvikrāntavikrāmin vāṅmātraṃ yaduta bodhisattvabhūmiriti /" ityādi uktam / yathoktaṃ bodhicittaṃ prāptastu tasyām avasthāyāṃ bodhisattvaśabdadvārā eva kevalaṃ na ukto 'pi tu-

gotre 'pi bhāvo 'sya tathāgatānāṃ tyaktaṃ trisaṃyojanamasya sarvam /
prāmoditāṃ prāpya sa bodhisattvaḥ kṣobdhuṃ samarthaḥ śatalokadhātum // madhy_1.6 //

pṛthagjanaśrāvakapratyekabuddhasarvabhūmyatītatvāt samantaprabhetitathāgatabhūmyanugāmimārgotpannatvācca sa bodhisattvaḥ tathāgatagotrotpannaḥ / tadā pudgalanairātmyaṃ pratyakṣaṃ dṛṣṭvā iyaṃ satkāyadṛṣṭisaṃśayaśīlavrataparamārthateti saṃyojanatrayebhyo 'pi sannivartate, teṣāṃ punaranutpādāya / tattvādraṣṭurātmani āropāt satkāyadṛṣṭirbhavati, tathā saṃśayatastasyāparamārge 'pi gamanaṃ saṃbhāvyate, na cānyasya / niścayapraveśe tasya sahetukaguṇaprāptiḥ, bhūmerasapakṣadoṣanivṛtteśca asāmānyaviśeṣamuditotpādād atipramuditāvaśāt sa bodhisattvo 'gramuditām api dhārayati / pramodaviśeṣabhūtatvād iyam bhūmistu pramuditeti nāmāpi prāptā / śatalokadhātuṃ kṣobdhumapi samarthaḥ /

prayāti bhūmeḥ khalu bhūmimūrdhvaṃ tadāsya mārgo kugaterniruddhaḥ /
pṛthagjanasyāvanisaṃkṣayo 'sti yathāṣṭamāryaḥ kathitastathaiṣaḥ // madhy_1.7 //

iti //

ayam yathāvabuddhadharmābhyāsād dvitīyabhūmyādyatikramātyutsāhād bhūmerbhūmiṃ samākramya ūrdhvaṃ prayāti / saṃkṣepeṇa yathā srotaāpannāryaḥ svānurūpāryadharmādhigamād doṣarahito guṇānvitaśca bhavati tathā asmin bodhisattve 'pi bhūmyadhigamāt svasmin anurūpaguṇodbhavād doṣakṣayācca strotaāpatterudāharaṇadvārā paridīpitam / ayam bodhisattvastu sambodhicittodaya ādike 'pi pratyekabuddhān samunīndravāgjān /

jittvaidhate puṇyabalena cāpi /

yadasti tadaparo viśeṣaḥ, yathā- āryamaitrīvimokṣa uktam "tadyathā kulaputra acirajāto rājaputro mūrdhaprāptān sarvavṛddhāmātyānabhibhavati kulābhijātyādhipatyena, evameva acirotpāditabodhicittastathāgatadharmarājakulapratyājāta ādikarmiko bodhisattvaściracaritabrahmacaryān vṛddhaśrāvakānabhibhavati bodhicittamahākaruṇādhipatyena /"

"tadyathā kulaputra, yo 'cirajātasya mahāgaruḍendrapotasya pakṣavātabalaparākramo nayanapariśuddhiguṇaśca, sa sarvaśarīrapravṛddhānāṃ tadanyeṣāṃ pakṣiṇāṃ na saṃvidyate, evameva yaḥ prathamacittotpādikasya tathāgatamahāgaruḍendrasya kulagotrasaṃbhavasya bodhisattvamahāgaruḍendrapotasya sarvajñatācittotpādabalaparākramo mahākaruṇādhyāśayanayanapariśuddhiguṇaśca, sa kalpaśatasahasraniryātānāṃ sarvaśrāvakapratyekabuddhānāṃ na saṃvidyate /" ityādyuktavat /
dūraṅgamāyāṃ tu dhiyādhikaḥ syāt // madhy_1.8 //
āryadaśabhūmi(sūtre) 'pi- "tadyathāpi nāma bhavanto jinaputrāḥ, rājakulaprasūto rājaputro rājalakṣaṇasamanvāgato jātamātra eva sarvāmātyagaṇamabhibhavati rājādhipatyena, na punaḥ svabuddhivicāreṇa / yadā punaḥ sa saṃvṛddho bhavati tathā svabuddhibalādhānataḥ sarvāmātyakriyāsamatikrānto bhavati, evameva bho jinaputrāḥ, bodhisattvaḥ sahacittotpādena sarvaśrāvakapratyekabuddhānabhibhavatyadhyāśayamāhātmyena, na punaḥ svabuddhivicāreṇa / asyāṃ tu saptamyāṃ bodhisattvabhūmau sthito bodhisattvaḥ svaviṣayajñānaviśeṣamāhātmyāvasthitatvātsarvaśrāvakapratyekabuddhakriyāmatikrānto bhavati" // iti yathoktavat / ata evaṃ sati dūraṃgamata eva ārabhya bodhisattvaḥ sva buddhibalotpādane 'pi śrāvakapratyekabuddhāṃścābhibhavati, na cādhobhūmiṣviti jñeyam / asmādāgamāt sarvaśrāvakapratyekabuddheṣvapi sarvadharmaniḥsvabhāvatājñānamapi astīti nirbhāseta / asati ca tathā niḥsvabhāvabhāvaparijñānarahitatvāt laukikavītarāgavat tānapi prathamacittotpādabodhisattvā api svabuddhivicāreṇāpi abhibhavanti / tīrthikavat eteṣāṃ tridhātuṣu caryāyā sarvakleśaprahāṇamapi na bhavati / rūpādīnāṃ svalakṣaṇāvalambanaviparyayāt pudgalanairātmyabodho 'pi na bhavati, ātmaprajñaptihetuskandhāvalambanāt / yathā ratnāvalyām uktam-

"skandhagrāho yāvadasti tāvadevāhamityapi /
ahaṅkāre sati punaḥ karma janma tataḥ punaḥ //

trivartmaitadanādyantamadhyaṃ saṃsāramaṇḍalam /
alātamaṇḍalaprakhyaṃ bhramatyanyonyahetukam //

svaparobhayatastasya traikālye cāpyanāptitaḥ /
ahaṅkāraḥ kṣayaṃ yāti tataḥ karma ca janma ca //

"iti //

api ca-

alātacakraṃ gṛhṇāti yathā cakṣurviparyayāt /
tathendriyāṇi gṛhṇanti viṣayān sāmpratāniva //

indriyāṇīndriyārthāśca pañcabhūtamayā matāḥ /
pratisvaṃ bhūtavaiyarthyādeṣāṃ vyarthatvamarthataḥ //

nirindhano 'gnirbhūtānāṃ vinirbhāge prasajyate /
samparke lakṣaṇābhāvaḥ śeṣeṣvapyeṣa nirṇayaḥ //

dvidhāpi bhūtānāṃ vyarthatvātsaṅgatirvṛthā /
rthatvātsaṅgateścaivaṃ rūpaṃ vyarthamato 'rthataḥ //

vijñānavedanāsaṃjñāsaṃskārāṇāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ /
pratyekamātmavaiyarthyād vaiyarthyaṃ paramārthataḥ //

sukhābhimāno duḥkhasya pratīkāre yathārthataḥ /
tathā duḥkhābhimāno 'pi sukhasya pratighātajaḥ //

sukhe saṃyogatṛṣṇaivaṃ naiḥsvābhāvyāt prahīyate /
duḥkhe viyogatṛṣṇā ca paśyatāṃ muktirityataḥ //

kaḥ paśyatīti ceccitaṃ vyavahāreṇa kathyate /
nahi caittaṃ vinā cittaṃ vyarthatvātra saheṣyate //

vyarthamevaṃ jaganmatvā yathābhūtyātrirāspadaḥ /
nirvāti nirupādāno nirupādānavahnivat // "iti //

bodhisattvaireva tathā niḥsvabhāvatayā dṛṣṭam iti cet, na cāpi tat, śrāvakān pratyekabuddhāṃścādhikṛtya tathoktatvāt / kathamidaṃ jñāyata iti? vakṣyate- samanantarameva bodhisattvān adhikṛtya- "bodhisattvo 'pi dṛṣṭvaivaṃ sambodhau niyato mataḥ / kevalaṃ tvasya kāruṇyādābodherbhavasantatiḥ //"

ityādi uktatvāt / śrāvakadeśanāsūtreṣvapi śrāvakānāṃ kleśāvaraṇaprahāṇārtham- "phenapiṇḍopamaṃ rūpaṃ vedanā budbudopamā / marīcisadṛśī saṃjñā saṃskārāḥ kadalīnibhāḥ / māyopamaṃ ca vijñānamuktamādityabandhunā //"

ityādinā phenapiṇḍajalabudbudamarīcijalakadalīskandhamāyādyudāharaṇena saṃskārā nirṇītā ācāryapādaiḥ- "anutpādo mahāyāne pareṣāṃ śūnyatā kṣayaḥ / kṣayānutpādayoścaikyamarthataḥ kṣamyatāṃ yataḥ //" iti //

tathā ca-

kātyāyanāvavāde cāstīti nāstīti cobhayam /
pratiṣiddhaṃ bhagavatā bhāvābhāvavibhāvinā //

śrāvakayāne 'pi dharmanairātmyaṃ deśitamiti tadā mahāyānadeśanā vyarthā syāditi tanmatamapi evaṃ yuktyāgamābhyāṃ viruddhaṃ budhyate / mahāyānadeśanā dharmanairātmyamātrasya deśanā nāsti apitu bodhisattvānāṃ bhūmipāramitāpraṇidhānamahākaruṇādipariṇāmanāsambhāradvaya-acintyadharmatāśca santi / yathā ratnāvalyāmuktam-

na bodhisattvapraṇidhirna caryā pariṇāmanā /
uktā śrāvakayāne 'smād bodhisattvaḥ kutastataḥ //

iti //

bodhicaryāpratiṣṭhārthaṃ na sūtre bhāṣitaṃ vacaḥ /
bhāṣitaṃ ca mahāyāne grāhyamasmād vicakṣaṇaiḥ //

dharmanairātmyaprakāśāya mahāyānadeśanāpi yuktā eva, vistṛtadeśanāyā vivakṣitatvāt / śrāvakayāne tu dharmanairātmyaṃ saṃkṣiptalakṣaṇamātreṇa samāpyate / yathā ācāryapādairuktam- animittamanāgamya mokṣo nāsti tvamuktavān / atastvayā mahāyāne tat sākalyena darśitam //

ānuṣaṃgikatvena paryāptam / ata eva anākulabuddheḥ svayamevārthatattvāvabodhasamarthatvāt prakṛtamevābhidhīyate / tadātra sambuddhasubodhiheturbhavet pradhānaṃ hyatireki dānam /

tasya pramuditābhūmiprāptabodhisattvasya dānaśīlakṣāntivīryasamādhiprajñā-upāyapraṇidhānabalajñāneṣviti daśasu dānapāramitaiva atiricyate, kintu na tadbhinnānāmabhāvaḥ / taddānamapi sarvākārajñatāyāḥ pradhāno hetuḥ /
svamāṃsadāne 'pi kṛtādaratvād bhavedadṛṣṭe 'pyanumānahetuḥ // madhy_1.9 //
tasya bodhisattvasya adṛṣṭā guṇā bodhādayo ye ke 'pi santi te 'pi bāhyābhyantarasvavastudānaviśeṣānumānenaiva sphuṭam anumīyante, dhūmādinā vahnayādivat / yathā bodhisattvānāṃ dānaṃ buddhatvasya pradhānaheturapratyakṣaguṇanirṇayalakṣaṇo 'sti tathā pṛthagjanaśrāvakapratyekabuddhānāmapi duḥkhapratikārasya ātyantikasukhaprāpteśca heturiti deśitukāmena-

sukhābhilāṣī hi janastu sarvaḥ sukhaṃ na sampattimapāsya loke /
dhanaṃ tu dānodgatameva buddhvā muniḥ pradhānaṃ samuvāca dānam // madhy_1.10 //

uktam / kṣuttṛḍrogaśītādipratipakṣo duḥkhapratikāramātraṃ, bhavasukhotpādahetupratibandhakaviparyamātreṇa svatvapravāhaparikalpitopaghātāpanayo 'sukhātmake loke 'tīva abhiniviṣṭaḥ tathā tasya sukhābhilāṣiṇaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhapratikāramātrasvabhāvam, abhīṣṭaviṣayasampattiḥ duḥkhapratipakṣabhūḥ, viparyayātmano bhogaṃ vinā notpādāvalambanam / duḥkhapratikārahetubhūtāste viṣayā api dānodbhūtapuṇyakriyāvastvasaṃcayeṣu notpadyanta iti vicārya bhagavān jagadaśeṣāśayasvabhāvajñaḥ śīlādisamākhyāneṣu sarvaprathamaṃ dānameva āha / adhunā dāniprāṇinaḥ śīlavairūpye 'pi svakāryānukūlatvād dānamāhātmyam ākhyātumāha-

parīttakāruṇyasuduṣṭacittā vikurvate svārthaparā amī ye /
tadiṣṭasampad vyasanapraśāntyai samudgatā dānata eva sāpi // madhy_1.11 //

ye vaṇigvat svalpadhanatyāgena ativipulaphalasampatskandhārthecchavo 'pi adhikatarārthārthino ditsādarāḥ, sugataputravat karuṇāparatantrā dānaphalārtham anāyāsameva āditsotsavābhivardhanāste 'pi dānadoṣagrahaṇaparāṅamukhāḥ kevalaguṇagrahaṇotsāhaprāptā atiśayaiśvaryopasampadāḥ kāyāpriyaduḥkhakṣuttṛṣṇādināśanena duḥkhopaśāntiheturbhavanti / yasya niṣkaruṇasya svaduḥkhapratikārāpekṣayā eva ditsāyām ādaraḥ, so 'pi-

kadācidasminnapi dānakāle drutaṃ hi labdhvāryajanābhisaṅgam /
tataḥ samucchidya bhavapravāhaṃ sahetukāṃ śāntimataḥ prayāti // madhy_1.12 //

ityuktam / dānapatestyāginaḥ samīpe sadbhirgantavyam iti dānādhimuktikā dānakāle āryajanābhisaṃgāt tadupadeśataḥ saṃsāranirguṇatāṃ jñātvā nirmalam āryamārgaṃ sākṣātkurvanti, duḥkhopaśāntyā tyaktāvidyā bhavasantateranādikālataḥ pravṛtāṃ janmamaraṇaparamparāṃ tyaktvā śrāvakapratyekabuddhayānaiḥ parinirvṛtā bhaviṣyanti / ataḥ sāmprataṃ bodhisattvānāṃ dānaṃ bhavanirvāṇasukhaprāptihetuḥ /

jagaddhitārthaṃ hi kṛtapratijñāḥ prayānti modaṃ na cireṇa dānaiḥ //

abodhisattvāstu dānasamakālaṃ yathoktadānaphalaṃ niyataṃ na saṃbhuñjanti, tasmād dānaphalasya apratyakṣatvād dāne praveśo 'pi na saṃbhavaḥ, bodhisattvāstu dānasamakālameva arthināmapi paritarpaṇād, abhīṣṭadānaphalasaṃpatparamānandaṃ dhārayantaḥ, tatraiva dānaphalam upabhuñjanti / ataḥ sarvadā dāne muditā bhaviṣyanti / ato yathoktarītyā-

dayādayā bhāvamayā yataśca /
sarvābhyudayaniḥ śreyasaheturdānam, tato 'sti mūlaṃ khalu dānavārtā // madhy_1.13 //
yataste sarvadā dānaṃ prati ādareṇa sampadvibhājanadvārā ca manastarpayanti / bodhisattveṣu ānandaviśeṣotpādaḥ kīdṛśa iti arthināṃ cet- ucyate-

yathā tu dehīti niśamya śabdaṃ sukhodbhavo buddhasute vicintya /
tathā sukhaṃ śāntigate munau na kimucyatāṃ sarvasamarpaṇeni // madhy_1.14 //

yāvadarthināṃ dehīti śabdaśrutāveva vicāryamāṇe bodhisattvānām 'ime māṃ yācanta iti buddhavā vāramvāraṃ yaḥ sukhotpādo nirvāṇasukhādapi atiricyate, tato bāhyābhyantaravastusamarpaṇena arthinajanatarpaṇasya kimucyatām? punaḥ kim tat tathoktabāhyābhyantaravastutyāgināṃ bodhisattvānāṃ kāyaduḥkhamapi na bhaviṣyatīti? ucyate- mahātmanāṃ tu acetanānāmapacchedavat kāyaduḥkhotpādo 'sambhava eva /

āryagaganagañjaparipṛcchāsamādhau yathoktam-

"tadyathā mahāsālavṛkṣavanamasti / tatra kaścidāgatya ekaṃ saralaṃ chinatti / tatrāvaśiṣṭāste sālavṛkṣā ayaṃ tu chinno, vayaṃ na chinnā iti na cintayanti / teṣu nānurāgo na vā kopaḥ, na kalpo na vikalpaḥ, tadvat bodhisattvasya yā kṣāntiḥ sā pariśuddhāgragaganopametyuktivat /

ratnāvalyāmapi evamuktam- śārīraṃ nāsti vai duḥkhaṃ tatra duḥkhaṃ kva mānasam / loko hi duḥkhitastena karuṇyāt sthīyate ciram // punaryo 'labdhavirāgāvasthastatra kāyasthitibādhakaviṣaye samavatīrṇe kāyaduḥkhaṃ niścitam utpadyate, tadā so 'pi sattvārthakṛtyeṣu ativiśiṣṭāvatārahetutvena pratiṣṭhata iti ākhyātam /

pradāya chettuṃ svavapuḥ svaduḥkhāt svasaṃvidā nārakaduḥkhakādi /
vilokya tannāśayituṃ pareṣāṃ pariśramaṃ prārabhate sa śīghram // madhy_1.15 //

bodhisattvastu duḥkhamayanarakatiryagyoniyamalokādighoralokāntargataṃ nirantaraghoraduḥkhena kāyacchedaṃ, svakāyacchedaduḥkhāt sahastraśo 'pyadhikaṃ pravṛddhamasahyaṃ duḥkhaṃ svaduḥkhena tulayitvā paśyati tadā svakāyacchedaduḥkhamavigaṇayya sattvānāṃ narakādiduḥkhacchedāya atiśīghraṃ vīryamārabhate / yathoktadānapāramitāprabhedadeśanārtham uktam-

pradeyasaṅgrāhakadātṛśūnyaṃ vadanti lokottarapāramīti / tatra pāramīti tu yat saṃsārasāgarapāraṃ taṭaṃ, kleśajñeyāvaraṇaniḥśeṣatyāgasvabhāvayukto buddha eva vā / pāraṃgatastu pāramita ityuktam / aluguttarapade ityanena lakṣaṇena karmavibhaktilopaṃ na kṛtvā rūpaṇam, athavā pṛṣodarāditvād uttarapadayuktatayā vyavasthāpitam / prajñāṃ gṛhītvā viśeṣeṇa vyākhyātam, dānādayaḥ pāramitātulyatvāt pāramitāḥ santi / pariṇāmanāviśeṣeṇa pāragamanaṃ vyavasthāpya dānaṃ pāramitānāma prāpnot / vakṣyamāṇāḥ śīlādayo 'pi tathā vijñeyāḥ / iyaṃ dānapāramitāpi deyaṃ, pratigrāhakaṃ dāyakaṃ ca anālambya lokottarapāramitā astīti bhagavatīprajñāpāramitāyām uktam / anālambanasya lokottaratvād ālambanaṃ ca vyavahārasatyasaṃgrahatvāllaukikameva asti / tattu aprāptabodhisattvāvasthābhirjñātuṃ na śakyate / api ca-
trayīṣu rāgodbhavataḥ pradiṣṭaṃ tadeva vai laukikapāramīti // madhy_1.16 //
tadeva dānaṃ triṣvavalambitaṃ sat laukikapāramitetyuktam / samprati yathokta- bhūmiriti jñānaviśeṣeṇa atiśayaguṇānuvādadvārā deśanārthamevamuktam-

tathā pratiṣṭhā jinaputracitte sadāśraye suprabhakāntimāptā /
ghanaṃ tamisraṃ muditā nirasya jayatyasau candramaṇiryathā vai // madhy_1.17 //

tathā śabdo yathoktaprakāradeśanārthaḥ / muditeti bhūmināma samākhyāyate / jayatīti tu asapakṣaṃ parājitya avasthānam ityarthaḥ / sā tu jñānasvabhāvā satī eva jinaputramanasi sthitatvād uparisthitā / pramuditābhūmistu yathoktarītyā sarvamapi gahanam andhakāraṃ nirākṛtya jayati / yathokta eva artha udāharaṇena prakāśayitum ākhyātam / candrakāntamaṇivad iti /

madhyamakāvatārabhāṣye pramuditeti prathamaścittotpādaḥ / bodhisattvaprathamacittotpādo vyākhyātaḥ /

2. dvitīyaścittotpādaḥ

adhunā dvitīyaṃ (cittotpādam) adhikṛtyocyate-

sa śīlasampattiguṇānvitattvāt svapne 'pi duḥśīlamalaṃ jahāti / iti /

bhūmisaṃjñakasarvajñānaviśeṣasya tu ekasvabhāvatvāt tadasatve 'nutpannaguṇabhyaḥ śīlapāramitādiviśiṣṭatābhya eva dvitīyacittotpādādiviśeṣāḥ darśitāḥ / tatra kleśānadhivāsitvāt, pāpānudbhūtatvāt, cittakaukṛtyagniśamanena, śītalatvāt, sukhahetutvena uttamairāśrayaṇīyatvāt śīlamiti / tadapi saptatyāgalakṣaṇam / trayo dharmā alobho 'dveṣaḥ samyagdṛṣṭiśca te samutthānam / ataḥ samutthānena saha śīlam adhikṛtya daśakarmamārgā vyākhyātāḥ śīlasaṃpat tu śīlātiśayaḥ / guṇaviśuddhistu guṇaśuddhiḥ, śīlasaṃpatpariśuddhiriti śabdaḥ prayojyaḥ / svaguṇapariśuddhatvāt śīlatvaṃ viśiṣṭim / tadanvitatvāt sa bodhisattvaḥ svapnāvasthāyāmapi duḥśīlamalairaliptaḥ / atha kathaṃ tasya tādṛk śīlasampadā guṇapariśuddhiḥ? etādṛśo 'yaṃ bodhisattvo dvitīyabodhisattvabhūmau prasthitastu-
sa kāyavākcittaviśuddhacaryo daśaiva satkarmapathāṃścinoti // madhy_2.1 //
yathā dvitiyabodhisattvabhūmau- "tatrabhavanto jinaputrā, vimalāyāṃ bodhisattvabhūmau sthito bodhisattvaḥ prakṛtyaiva prāṇātipātātprativirīto bhavati nihatadaṇḍo nihataśastro nihatavairo lajjāvān dayāpannaḥ sarvaprāṇibhūteṣu hitasukhānukampī maitracittaḥ / sa saṃkalpairapi prāṇivihiṃsāṃ na karoti, kaḥ punarvādaḥ parasattveṣu sattvasaṃjñinaḥ saṃcintyaudārikakāyaviheṭhanayā //

adattādānātprativirataḥ khalu punarbhavati svabhogasaṃtuṣṭaḥ, parabhogānabhilāṣī, anukampakaḥ / sa paraparigṛhītebhyo vastubhyaḥ paraparigṛhītasaṃjñī steyacittamupasthāpya antaśastṛṇaparṇamapi nādattamādātā bhavati, kaḥ punarvādo 'nyebhyo jīvitopakaraṇebhyaḥ //

kāmamithyācārātprativirataḥ khalu punarbhavati svadārasaṃtuṣṭaḥ paradārānabhilāṣī / sa paraparigṛhītāsu strīṣu parabhāryāsu gotradhvajadharmarakṣitāsu abhidhyāmapi notpādayati, kaḥ punarvādo dvīndriyasamāpatyā vā anaṅgavijñaptyā vā //

anṛtavacanātprativirataḥ khalu punarbhavati satyavādī, bhūtavādī, kālavādī, yathāvādī tathākārī / so 'ntaśaḥ svapnāntaragato 'pi vinidhāya dṛṣṭiṃ kṣāntiṃ ruciṃ matiṃ prekṣāṃ visaṃvādanābhiprāyo nānṛtāṃ vācaṃ niścārayati, kaḥ punarvādaḥ samanvāhṛtya //

piśunavacanātprativirataḥ khalu punarbhavati abhedāviheṭhāpratipannaḥ sattvānām / sa netaḥ śrutvā amutrākhyātā bhavatyamīṣāṃ bhedāya / na amutaḥ śrutvā ihākhyātā bhavatyeṣāṃ bhedāya / na saṃhitān bhinatti, na bhinnānāmanupradānaṃ karoti / na vyagrārāmo bhavati na vyagrarato na vyagrakaraṇīṃ vācaṃ bhāṣate sadbhūtāmasadbhūtāṃ vā //

paruṣavacanātprativirataḥ khalu punarbhavati / sa yeyaṃ vāgadeśā karkaśā parakaṭukā parābhisaṃjananī anvakṣānvakṣaprāgbhārā grāmyā pārthagjanakī anelā akarṇasukhā krodharoṣaniścāritā hṛdayaparidahanī manaḥsaṃtāpakarī apriyā amanaāpā amanojñā svasaṃtānaparasaṃtānavināśinī, tathārūpāṃ vācaṃ prahāya yeyaṃ vāk snigdhā mṛdvī manojñā madhurā priyakaraṇī manaāpakaraṇī hitakaraṇī nelā karṇasukhā hṛdayaṃgamā premaṇīyā paurī varṇavispaṣṭā vijñeyā śravaṇīyā niśritā bahujaneṣṭā bahujanakāntā bahujanapriyā bahujanamanaāpā vijñāpannā sarvasattvahitasukhāvahā samāhitā manaḥ prahlādanakarī svasaṃtānaparasaṃtānaprasādanakarī tathārūpāṃ vācaṃ niścārayati //

saṃbhinnapralāpātprativirataḥ khalu punarbhavati suparihāryavacanaḥ kālavādī bhūtavādī arthavādī dharmavādī nyāyavādī vinayavādī, sa nidānavatīṃ vācaṃ bhāṣate kālena sāvadānām / sa cāntaśa itihāsapūrvakamapi vacanaṃ parihāryaṃ pariharati, kaḥ punarvādo vāgvikṣepeṇa //

anabhidhyāluḥ khalu punarbhavati parasveṣu parakāmeṣu parabhogeṣu paravittopakaraṇeṣu paraparigṛhīteṣu spṛhāmapi notpādayati, kimitiyatpareṣāṃ tannāma syāditi nābhidhyāmutpādayati, na prārthayate, na praṇidadhāti, na lobhacittamutpādayati //

avyāpannacittaḥ khalu punarbhavati sarvasattveṣu maitracitto hitacitto dayācittaḥ sukhacittaḥ snigdhacittaḥ sarvajagadanugrahacittaḥ sarvabhūtahitānukampācittaḥ / sa yānīmāni krodhopanāhakhilāmalavyāpādaparidāhasaṃdhukṣitapratighādyāni tāni prahāya yānīmāni hitopasaṃhitāni maitryupasaṃhitāni sarvasattvahitasukhāya vitarkitavicāritāni, tānyanuvitarkayitā bhavati //

samyagdṛṣṭiḥ khalu punarbhavati samyakpathagataḥ kautukamaṅgalanānāprakārakuśīladṛṣṭivigata ṛjudṛṣṭiraśaṭho 'māyāvī buddhadharmasaṃghaniyatāśayaḥ / " ityādyuktavat /

tatra prathamatrayakuśalakarmapathāḥ kāyena pratipādyante / madhyamacaturo vācā antyatrayaścittena / evaṃ daśakuśalakarmamārgā api saṃgṛhītāḥ / kim eteṣāṃ karmamārgāṇāṃ cayanaṃ prathamacittotpādabodhisattvā na kurvanti? te 'pi cayanaṃ kurvanti, tathāpi-

daśāpi mārgān kuśalān sametya bhavanti te śuddhatarāstathaiva /
prathamacittotpādabodhisattvā na tathā /
sadā viśuddhaḥ khalu śāradenduryathā hi śāntaprabhayātiśete // madhy_2.2 //

śāntastu saṃvṛtendriyaḥ / prabhāmayo dedīpyamānaśarīraḥ, tathā pariśuddhaśīlaḥ sannapi / sa śuddhaśīlaprakṛtiṃvidaśced bhavenna tenaiva viśuddhaśīlaḥ /

yathā-āryaratnakūṭasūtre- "kāśyapa, e[ka]tyo bhikṣuḥ (śīlavantaḥ) prātimokṣasaṃvarasaṃvṛto viharati / ācāragocarasampanna aṇumātreṣvavadyeṣu (api) bhayadarśī samā[dā] ya śikṣate śikṣāpadeṣu pariśuddhakāyakarmavāṅmanaskarmaṇā samanvāgato viharati, pariśuddhājīvaḥ sa ca bha[vati] ātmavādī, ayaṃ kāśyapa prathamo duḥśīlaḥ śīlavaṃtaḥ pratirūpako draṣṭavyaḥ /" ityataḥ "punaraparaṃ kāśyapa! ihe katyo bhikṣuḥ dvādaśādhūtaguṇasa[mādāne 'pi] upalambhadṛṣṭikaśca bhavati, ahaṃkāra(mamakāra)sthitaḥ ayaṃ kāśyapa caturtho duḥśīlaḥ śīlavantapratirūpakodra[ṣṭavyaḥ]" iti paryantam uktam /
ataḥ sadā sastritaye 'pi buddhidvayapracārāt sutarāṃ nivṛttaḥ // madhy_2.3 //
kasmai prāṇine tyāgaḥ, kiṃ tyaktaṃ, kena tyaktaṃ, tattritaye 'pi bhāvābhāvādibuddhidvayanirvṛto bhavati / evaṃ saṃprati bodhisattvasya śīlasaṃpanmayatvam uktam / tataḥ paścāt sāmānyatayā tadbhinnānāmapi śīlasampatterdānādito 'pi atiśayatvaṃ sarvaguṇasampadāśrayabhūtatvameva deśanārthayitum uktam-

dānājjanaḥ śīlapadena hīno bhogānavāpyaiṣyati durgatiñca / iti /

taddānata eva sa dānapatiḥ śīlavān bhūto naradevamadhye viśiṣṭabhogasampanmayaḥ san śīlapādanirvṛttau durgatilokapatitaḥ pratyekanarakaṃ, aśvagajavānaranāgādipretamaharddhikādiṣu utpannaḥ sa vividhabhogasampatsampanna eva bhavati / ataḥ
savyājamūle parikṣīyamāṇe tasmai na bhogāḥ prabhavanti paścāt // madhy_2.4 //
yo 'tyalpabījamuptvā vipulaphalaṃ prāpnuvan punaḥ phalāya tasmādapyadhikaṃ bījaṃ vapati, tena mahāphalasambhārasya yathāsamaye upavardhanakramo 'vicchinnaṃ sambhavati, kṛtapraṇāśasvabhāvaścayo mūrkhatayā pūrvabījamātramapi upabhuṅkte tasya savyājavastusaṃgrahasyāpi kṣayatvāt kuto bhāviphalasaṃpadutpādaḥ? tathaiva śīlanivṛtteḥ asthāne sampadupabhogakturapi atimūrkhatayā apūrvākṣeparahitatvāt pūrvākṣepāśeṣopabhogatvācca paścāt sampadbhāvo 'saṃbhavaḥ / śīlapādavihīnasya asya pūrṇasampadbhāvo na kevalaṃ durlabhaḥ, durgatigamanena durgatita utthānam api atidurlabham iti deśanāya-

yadā svatantraḥ sthitisāmarūpyam ayaṃ svacintāṃ yadi no karoti /
darīprapāte paratantratāptau ka enamuttthāpayitā hi paścāt // madhy_2.5 //

ityuktama / yadyasau tadā anukūlajanapadasthito bandhamuktaśūravat svacchandaḥ, parādhīnatāmapraviṣṭaḥ san devamanuṣyādilokasthitaḥ svacintāṃ na karoti, sādhiṣṭadarīsamutsṛṣṭabaddhaśūravad durgatiṃgatamenaṃ paścāt ka uttthāpayiṣyati / ata eva pīḍanāya niścitameva durgatirbhaviṣyati / tata eva punarmanuṣyeṣu upapāde 'pi dvividhaḥ paripāko 'bhisiddha ityuktam / yatastādṛśo duḥśīlo 'tyadhikadoṣasambhārādhiṣṭhānam-

tato jino dānakathāmudīrya kathāṃ tu śīlānugatāmuvāca /

tasmādeva parājitasakalapāpadharmo jino dānādiguṇāvipraṇāśāya dānakathāsamayānantaraṃ śīlakathāmeva kṛtavān /
guṇe vivṛddhe khalu śīlabhūmau phalopabhogastu nirantaraṃ syāt // madhy_2.6 //
sarvaguṇāśrayabhūtatvāt śīlam eva bhūmiḥ / tatra dānādisarvaguṇavivṛddhiścet hetuphalaparamparā uttarottaraṃ kramaśo 'navacchinnarūpeṇa phalasambhāramupavardhayantī dīrghakālam upabhoktuṃ śakyate, anyathā tu na / ato 'nena prakāreṇa-

pṛthagjanaśrāvakanaijabodhisvabhāvaniṣṭhasya jinātmajasya /
na heturastyabhyudayāya śīlād ṛte ca niḥśreyasahetave 'nyaḥ // madhy_2.7 //

yathā- "ime khalu punardaśākuśalāḥ karmapathā adhimātratvādāsevitā [bhāvitā] bahulīkṛtā nirayaheturmadhyatvāt tiryagyoniheturmṛdutvādyamalokahetuḥ / tatra prāṇātipāto nirayamupanayati, tiryagyonimupanayati, yamalokamupanayati / atha cetpunarmanuṣyeṣu upapadyate, dvau vipākāvabhinirvartayati alpāyuṣkatāṃ ca bahuglānyatāṃ ca / adattādānaṃ .........peyālaṃ.........'parīttabhogatāṃ ' ca 'sādhāraṇabhogatāṃ' ca / kāmamithyācāro ... anājāneyaparivāratāṃ ca sasapatnadāratāṃ ca / mṛṣāvādo.......abhyākhyānabahulatāṃ ca parairvisaṃvādanatāṃ ca / paiśunyaṃ......bhinnaparivāratāṃ ca hīnaparivāratāṃ ca / pāruṣyaṃ........amanāpaśravaṇatāṃ ca kalahavacanaṃ ca / tāṃ saṃbhinnapralāpo.......anādeyavacanatāṃ ca aniścitapratibhānatāṃ ca / abhidhyā........asaṃtuṣṭitāṃ ca mahecchatāṃ ca / vyāpādo.......ahitaiṣitāṃ ca parotpīḍanatāṃ ca / mithyādṛṣṭiḥ [nirayamupanayati, tiryagyonimupanayati, yamalokamupanayati / atha cetpunarmanuṣyeṣu upapadyate, dvau vipākāvabhinirvartayati] kudṛṣṭipatitaśca bhavati śaṭhaśca māyāvī / evaṃ khalu mahato 'parimāṇasya duḥkhaskandhasya ime daśākuśalāḥ karmapathāḥ samudāgamāya saṃvartante /" "punaḥ kuśalānāṃ karmapathānāṃ samādānaheto[rdeva] manuṣyādyupapattimādiṃ kṛtvā yāvadbhavāgramityupapattayaḥ prajñāyante / tata uttaraṃ ta eva daśa kuśalāḥ karmapathāḥ prajñākāreṇa paribhāvyamānāḥ prādeśikacittatayā traidhātukottrastamānasatayā mahākaruṇāvikalatayā parataḥ śravaṇānugamena ghoṣānugamena ca śrāvakayānaṃ saṃvartayanti / tata uttarataraṃ pariśodhitā aparapraṇeyatayā [svayaṃbhūtvānukūlatayā] svayamabhisaṃbodhanatayā [parato 'parimārgaṇatayā] mahākaruṇopāyavikalatayā gambhīredaṃ- pratyayānubodhanena pratyekabuddhayānaṃ saṃvartayati / tata uttarataraṃ pariśodhitā vipulāpramāṇatayā mahākaruṇopetatayā upāyakauśalasaṃgṛhītatayā saṃbaddhamahāpraṇidhānatayā sarvasattvāparityāgatayā buddhajñānavipulādhyālambanatayā bodhisattvabhūmipariśuddhayai pāramitāpariśuddhayai caryāvipulatvāya saṃvartante /" ityādi vistareṇoktavat ato 'nenaprakāreṇa taddaśakuśalamārgātiriktaṃ pṛthagjanaśrāvakapratyekabuddhabodhisattvānāṃ yathāyogam abhyudayasya saṃsārasukhasya, niḥśreyasaḥ sukhaduḥkhābhāvasvabhāvasya muktilakṣaṇasya prāpterupāyo 'nyo nāstīti samupadiṣṭam / yo 'sau dvitīyacittotpādabodhisattvaḥ-

yathā samudro hi śavena sārdham amaṅgalenāpi ca maṅgalaṃ vā /
tathā hi śīlādhikṛto mahātmā samaṃ na tiṣṭhāsati duṣṭaśīlaiḥ // madhy_2.8 //

amaṃgalamiti akuśalaparyāyaḥ / yathoktaśīlapāramitāvibhedākhyānam-

kutaśca kiṃ kutra vivarjitañca trike gṛhīte sati yaddhi śīlam / vadanti tallaukikapāramīti /

tacchīlaṃ triṣvavalambitaṃ sat laukikapāramiteti ākhyāyate /
alaukikaṃ tat triṣu rāgaśūnyam // madhy_2.9 //

tadevaśīlaṃ yathoktālambanatrayarahitaṃ syācced alaukikapāramitetyucyate / yathoktabhūmiguṇānuvādena śīlapāramitāvasthāpariniṣpattimāha-

jinātmajendūdgatanirmalāpi bhavābhavaiṣā vimalā bhavaśrīḥ /
śaradṛtoścāndramasīprabheva jaganmanastāpamapākaroti // madhy_2.10 //

vimaleti daśakuśalakarmamārgavimalatvād dvitīyabodhisattvabhūmeranvarthaṃ nāma / yathā nirmalā śaraccandraprabhā janasaṃtāpam apākaroti tathā jinaputrendūdgateyaṃ vimalāpi duḥśīlotpannaṃ manaḥsaṃtāpaṃ nivartayati / asyā asaṃsārāntargatatvād na bhavo 'pitu bhavaśrīḥ, sarvaguṇasampadāṃ tadanugatatvāt, caturdvīpaiśvaryasampadhetutvācca /

iti madhyamakāvatārabhāṣye dvitīyaścittotpādaḥ /

3. tṛtīyaścittotpādaḥ

samprati tṛtīyacittotpādam adhikṛtyottacyate-

aśeṣajñeyendhanadāhakāgniprabhodbhavād bhūmiriyaṃ tṛtīyā /

prabhākarī ................ prabhākarīti tu tṛtīyabodhisattvabhūmināma / punariyaṃ kasmāt prabhākarīti ced anvarthameva / tatsamaye aśeṣajñeyendhanadāhakajñānāgneḥ śāntyātmakaprabhodbhavād bhūmiriyaṃ prabhākarītyucyate / tṛtīyacittotpādasya
............... taṃ sugatasya putraṃ tadā ravistāmra ivāvibhāti // madhy_3.1 //
yathā sūryaudayāvasthāyāḥ pūrvaṃ tāmra iva avabhāsate tathā bodhisattve 'pi tatra jñānam ābhāsate / tādṛgjñānābhāsaprāptasya tasya bodhisattvasya kṣāntipāramitāviśeṣatādeśanārthamuktam-

akopapātrasya hi tasya kāyāt sahāsthimāṃsaṃ yadi ko 'pi kṛntāt /
palaṃ palaṃ dīrghanikṛntane 'pi nikṛntake kṣāntiratīva tasya // madhy_3.2 //

bodhisattvaḥ paracittānurakṣaṇārthatvāt tādṛgjñānavatvācca yena paradveṣacittādhāratvatrikālanirarthakatvaṃ saṃdehāspadatvañca na syuḥ tādṛksvabhāvakāyavākcittāvatārasākṣī nāsti / akopapātrasya yadi ko 'pi viśeṣaṇam / yadi tādṛkprāṇinā tasya bodhisattvasya kāyato sāsthimāṃsaṃ pratipalaṃ viramya viramya ciraṃ nikṛntite 'pi tādṛkkṛntakāya na kevalaṃ cittavyāroṣo na bhavati apitu, tadakuśalakarmapratyayaṃ narakaduḥkhādiviśeṣam avalambya bodhisattve 'tiviśiṣṭā kṣāntireva jāyate / api ca-

yataḥ sa dharmān pratibimbarūpān nirātmadṛk paśyati bodhisattvaḥ /
tataḥ kathaṃ kena kimasti chinnaṃ kadāpi vā kṣāntimupeti cāso // madhy_3.3 //

tadakuśalakarmapratyayaṃ narakādiduḥkhaviśeṣam avalambya na kevalaṃ viśeṣeṇa kṣānto 'pitu yataḥ sa sarvadharmān api pratibimbavat paśyan ātmātmīyasaṃjñānivṛttaḥ tasmād api kṣāntatara eva / api śabdastu kṣāntihetusaṃgrahārtham / kṣāntiriyaṃ na kevalaṃ bodhisattvānurūpo dharmo 'pitu taditarasakalaguṇarakṣāhetubhūtatvād akṣāntavat krodhavyāvṛttirapi yuktā vyākhyātā-

prakupyate yadyapakāriṇe 'tra kimatra kopo vinivartitaḥ syāt /
ato 'tra kopo hi nirarthako 'smin paratra loke 'pi viruddha eva // madhy_3.4 //

samprati dattaroṣāvasaro 'yaṃ parasmai apakāriṇe krudhyati cet tadānīntanāpakārāvinivṛtteḥ, tadālambanaḥ pratikopo nirarthaka eva, kṛtakāryatvāt / asmai kopo na kevalaṃ vartamāne niṣprayojanaḥ, apitu paraloko 'pi viruddho bhavati, krodhotpāde sati amanāpaparipākākṣepaḥ / yo duścaritakarmaphalaviśeṣopabhogavān mohāt pareṇāhaṃ prapīḍita iti parikalpayan apakāriṇe krodhamutpādayan pratyapakāreṇa tatpīḍanaṃ parājetukāmaścāsau / tasyāpi vyāvartanārthamāha-

purākṛtasyākuśalasya karmaphalaṃ tu yo naṣṭatayā vivakṣuḥ /
parāhitakrodhata eva duḥkhaṃ kathaṃ hi tadbījatayopanītam // madhy_3.5 //

yat śastradhārapātena tatkāye sādhiṣṭhamapakāraduḥkhaṃ śatruṇopasādhitam, tadantyaphalabhūtaṃ pūrvakṛtaprāṇātipātakarmaṇaḥ prāṇināṃ narakatiryagyoniyamalokādi paripākaphalaṃ ghoram anubhūyamānaṃ niṣyandaphalaṃ yaccāvaśiṣṭakleśāśeṣāpriyaphalanivartanahetuḥ / tatkathaṃ punaḥ rvipariṇāmyaiva, auṣadhasya antimamātrāyā ābhyantare-vyādhipratīkārahetutvād vyāroṣaparāpakārābhyām atītāmanāpaphalādapi ativiśiṣṭāpakāraphalasambhāvanāhetutvena ānīyate? atastad vaidyasya vyādhicikitsāhetubhūtatīkṣṇaśalyakarmakriyāvat phaladuḥkhotpādahetoratikṣāntiryuktā / akṣāntistu na kevalam amanāpaparipākātikṣepaheturapitu dīrghasaṃgṛhītapuṇyasambhārakṣayaheturapyastīti deśanārthamuktam-

dānena śīlena samudgataṃ yat puṇyaṃ citaṃ kalpaśatena naśyet /
kṣaṇena kopājjinaputrakeṣu tasmān na kopādaparaṃ hi pāpam // madhy_3.6 //

yadi bodhisattvo mahātmā saḥ pudgale viśiṣṭe 'viśiṣṭe vāpi kleśābhyāsavaśapraveśatvād bodhicittotpānneṣu satyabhūtam asatyabhūtaśca doṣam adhikaṃ prajñāpya kṣaṇamātramapi krodhacittotpāde 'pi tanmātreṇaiva pūrvoktadānaśīlapāramitābhyāsotpannaśatakalpasaṃcitapuṇyasaṃbhāro naśyati, abodhisattvena bodhisattvebhya utpādite tu punaḥ kiṃ vaktavyam? tasmāt mahāsāgarajalapramāṇaṃ karṣagaṇanayā niścetumaśakyaṃ tathā tatra paripākasīmā niścetumaśakyaḥ / ata evaṃ sati amanāpaphalākṣepaṃ puṇyakṣayakarañca pāpam akṣānteḥ param aparaṃ nāsti / "mañjuśrīḥ, krodhaḥ krodha iti śatakalpasaṃbhṛtapuṇyopakṣayakaraḥ, tasmāt krodhaḥ krodha ityākhyātaḥ /" punaśca akṣāntāḥ parāpakārāsamarthāstu ātmānameva nāśayanti, samarthā niṣkaruṇāśca svaparanāśakāḥ / anena tu janmata eva-

kudarśano 'sajjananīyamāno nayānayajñānavivekahīnaḥ / parasmin kāle nikāyasabhāgaṃ tyaktvā sakopano durgatimeti śīghram /

yadyete 'kṣāntidoṣāḥ, tadā ke vai tadviparītakṣāntiguṇā iti-
guṇā viruddhāḥ kathitā hyakopāt // madhy_3.7 //
sudarśatā sajjanatāgatiśca nayānayajñānapaṭutvamasti /
anantaraṃ devamanuṣyajanma kṣayaṃ hyakopādupayāti pāpam // madhy_3.8 //

ye 'kṣāntidoṣā uktāstadviruddhāste guṇāḥ kṣānterjñeyāḥ / tadyathā-

pṛthagjano jinaputraśca doṣān guṇān samālokya ca kopakṣāntyoḥ /
apāsya kopaṃ tarasaiva kṣāntiṃ sadā śrayeccāryajanapraśastām // madhy_3.9 //

kopakṣāntī tu kopakṣāntyaiva / doṣaguṇau cāpi doṣaguṇau / krodhakṣāntyordoṣaguṇāviti śabdaviniyogaḥ / krodhadoṣastu yathoktaḥ, viparyayeṇa kṣāntiguṇam avagamya akṣāntiṃ tyaktvā sarvakālaṃ kṣāntireva āśrayaṇīyā / adhunā kṣāntipāramitāprabhedadeśanārtham-

sambuddhabaudhyai pariṇāmanāpi triṣvāśritā cet khalu laukikīyam /
buddhatvāya pariṇāmanāyāmapi kā kṣāntiḥ, kena kṣāntiḥ, keṣu prāṇiṣu kṣāntiretattriṣvāśrayeṣu satsu iyaṃ kṣāntipāramitā laukikīti /
anāśritā syāt khalu saiva buddhairalaukikī pāramiteti diṣṭā // madhy_3.10 //

tasyāṃ bhūmau bodhisattvasya kṣāntipāramitā yathā viśuddhayati tathaiva-

abhijñatāṃ dhyānamito 'tra bhūmau jinasya putro hatarāgavairaḥ /
bhavatyasau laukikakāmarāgau nihantumatyantatayā ca śaktaḥ // madhy_3.11 //

dhyānamiti dhyānaśabdastu upalakṣaṇārthaḥ, samāpattyapramāṇānāmapi grahaṇaṃ bhavati / yathātṛtīyabodhisattvabhūmāvuktavat- "so 'syāṃ prabhākaryāṃ bodhisattvabhūmau sthito bodhisattvo dharmānudharmapratipattiheto rviviktaṃ kāmairviviktaṃ pāpakairakuśaladharmaiḥ savitarkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ prītisukhaṃ prathamaṃ dhyānamupasaṃpadya viharati / sa vitarkavicārāṇāṃ vyupaśamādadhyātmasaṃprasādāccetasa ekotībhāvādavitarkamavicāraṃ samādhijaṃ prītisukhaṃ dvitīyadhyānamupasaṃpadya viharati / sa prītervirāgādupekṣako viharati smṛtimān saṃprajānan / sukhaṃ na kāyena pratisaṃvedayati yattadāryā ācakṣante- upekṣakaḥ smṛtimān / sukhavihārī niṣprītikaṃ tṛtīyaṃ dhyānamusaṃpadya viharati / sa sukhasya ca prahāṇādduḥkhasya ca prahāṇātpūrvameva ca saumanasyadaurmanasyayorastaṃgamādaduḥkhāsukhamupekṣāsmṛtipariśuddhaṃ caturthaṃ dhyānamupasaṃpadya viharati /" iti, etāni catvāri dhyānāni / catastra ārūpyasamāpattayastu- tadyathā- "sa sarvaśo rūpasaṃjñānāṃ samatikramāt pratighasaṃjñānāmastaṃgamānnānātvasaṃjñānāmamanasikārādanantakamākāśamityākāśānantyāyatanamupasaṃpadya viharati / sa sarvaśa ākāśānantyāyatanasamatikramādanantaṃ vijñānamiti vijñānānantyāyatanamupasaṃpadya viharati / sa sarvaśo vijñānānantyāyatanasamatikramānnāsti kiṃcidityākiṃcanyāyatanamupasaṃpadya viharati / sa sarvaśa ākiṃcanyāyatanasamatikramānnaiva saṃjñā nāsaṃjñāpi iti saṃjñānāsaṃjñāyatanamupasaṃpadya viharati /" imāścatastra ārūpyasamāpattayaḥ / catvāro 'pramāṇāstu evam- "sa maitrīsahagatena cittena vipulena mahadatenādvayenāpramāṇenāvaireṇāsapatnenānāvaraṇenāvyābādhena sarvatrānugatena dharmadhātuparame loke ākāśadhātuparyavasāne sarvāvantaṃ lokaṃ spharitvopasaṃpadya viharati / evaṃ karuṇāsahagatena cittena / muditāsahagatena cittena / upekṣāsahagetana cittena viharati /"

pañcābhijñāstu, tadyathā- "so 'nekavidhāṃ ṛddhividhiṃ pratyanubhavati / pṛthivīmapi kampayati / eko 'pi bhūtvā bahudhā bhavati / bahudhāpi bhūtvaiko bhavati / āvirbhāvaṃ tirobhāvamapi pratyanubhavati / tiraḥ kuḍayaṃ tiraḥprākāraṃ parvatamapyasajjan gacchati tadyathāpi nāma ākāśe / ākāśe 'pi paryaṅkena krāmati tadyathāpi nāma pakṣiśakuniḥ / pṛthivyāmapyunmajjananimajjanaṃ karoti tadyathāpi nāma udake / udake 'pyamajjan gacchati tadyathāpi pṛthivyām / dhūmayati prajvalati, tadyathāpi nāma mahānagniskandhaḥ / svakāyādapi mahāvāridhārā utsṛjati tadyathāpi nāma mahāmeghaḥ / yābhirvāridhārābhirayaṃ trisāhastramahāsāhasro lokadhāturādīptaḥ pradīptaḥ saṃprajvalito 'gninā ekajvālībhūto nirvāpyate / imāvapi candrasūryāvevaṃmaharddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo pāṇinā parāmṛśati parimārṣṭi yāvad brahmalokamapi kāyena vaśaṃ vartayati /" ityete ṛddhayabhijñāḥ /

"sa divyena śrotradhātunā [viśuddhenā] tikrāntamānuṣyakena ubhayān śabdān śṛṇoti divyān mānuṣyakān, sūkṣmānaudārikāṃśca / ye dūre 'ntike vā antaśo daṃśamaśakakīṭamakṣikāṇāmapi śabdān śṛṇoti / [eṣā divyā śrotrābhijñā] //"

"sa parasattvānāṃ parapudgalānāṃ cetasaiva cittaṃ yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / sarāgaṃ cittaṃ sarāgacittamiti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / virāgaṃ cittaṃ virāgacittamiti prajānāti / sadoṣaṃ, vigatadoṣaṃ, samohaṃ, vigatamohaṃ, sakleśaṃ, niḥkleśaṃ, parīttaṃ, vipulaṃ, mahadataṃ, apramāṇaṃ, saṃkṣiptaṃ, [vistīrṇaṃ], samāhitaṃ, asamāhitaṃ, vimuktaṃ, avimuktaṃ, sāṅganam, anaṅganam, audārikaṃ cittamaudārikacittamiti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / anaudārikaṃ cittamanaudārikaṃ cittamiti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / iti parasattvānāṃ parapudgalānāṃ cetasaiva cittaṃ yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / [ityeṣā paracittajñānābhijñā] //"

"so 'nekavidhaṃ pūrvanivāsamanusmarati / ekāmapi jātimanusmarati / dve tistrañcatastraḥ pañca daśa viṃśatiḥ triṃśataṃ catvāriṃśataṃ pañcāśataṃ jātiśata[sahastra]manusmarati / anekānyapi jātiśatāni / [anekānyapi jātisahastrāṇi] anekānyapi jātiśatasahastrāṇi / saṃvartakalpamapi vivartakalpamapi / anekānapi saṃvartavivartakalpānapyanusmarati / kalpaśatamapi kalpasahastramapi kalpaśatasahastramapi kalpakoṭīmapi kalpakoṭīśatamapi kalpakoṭīsahastramapi kalpakoṭīśatasahasramapi yāvadanekānyapi kalpakoṭīniyutaśatasahasrāṇyanusmarati-amunnāhamāsaṃ evaṃnāmā / evaṃgotraḥ evaṃjātiḥ evamāhāra evamāyuḥpramāṇaḥ evaṃcirasthitikaḥ evaṃ sukhaduḥkhapratisaṃvedī / so 'haṃ tataścyuto 'tropapannaḥ / tataścyuta ihopapannaḥ / iti sākāraṃ soddeśaṃ sanimittamanekavidhaṃ pūrvanivāsamanusmarita / [eṣā pūrvanivāsānusmṛtyabhijñā] //"

"sa divyena cakṣuṣā viśuddhenātikrāntamānuṣyakeṇa sattvān paśyati cyavamānānupapadyamānān suvarṇān durvarṇān sugatān durgatān praṇītān hīnān / yathākarmopagān sattvān yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti- ime bhavantaḥ sattvāḥ kāyaduścaritena samanvāgatā vāgduścaritena samanvāgatā manoduścaritena samanvāgatāḥ āryāṇāmapavādakā mithyādṛṣṭayaḥ mithyādṛṣṭikarmasamādānahetostaddhetuṃ tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedātparaṃ maraṇādapāyadurgativinipātanirayeṣūpapadyante / ime punarbhavantaḥ sattvāḥ kāyasucaritena samanvāgatā vāksucaritena samanvāgatā manaḥsucaritena samanvāgatā āryāṇāmanapavādakāḥ / samyagdṛṣṭikarmasamādānahetostaddhetuṃ tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedāt paraṃ maraṇātsugatau svarge devalokeṣūpapadyanta iti [prajānāti / evaṃ] divyena cakṣuṣā viśuddhenātikrāntamanuṣyeṇa (cyavamānānupapadyamānān) sākāraṃ soddeśaṃ sanimittaṃ sattvān paśyati / yathākarmopagatān sattvān yathābhūtān prajānāti / sa imāni dhyānāni vimokṣān samādhīn samāpattīśca samāpadyate, vyuttiṣṭhate / na ca teṣāṃ vaśenopapadyate 'nyatra yatra bodhyaṅgaparipūriṃ paśyati tatra saṃcintya praṇidhānavaśenopapadyate / tatkasya heto? tathā hi tasya bodhisattvasyopāyakauśalyābhinirhatā cittasaṃtatiḥ //"

ata eva asyāṃ bhūmau bodhisattve dhyānam abhijñāśca sambhavanti kathaṃ sadā laukikarāgadveṣaparikṣayaḥ? capadaṃ tu anuktasaṅgrahārtham, iti tasya mohasyāpi parikṣayo bhavati- katham iti, idamapi yathā sūtre- "sa sarvadharmāṇāmasaṃkrāntitāṃ ca avināśitāṃ ca pratītya pratyayatayā vyavalokayati // tasya bhūyasyā mātrayā sarvāṇi kāmabandhanāni tanūni bhavanti / sarvāṇi rūpabandhanāni sarvāṇi bhavabandhanāni sarvāṇyavidyābandhanāni tanūni bhavanti / dṛṣṭikṛtabandhanāni ca pūrvameva prahīṇāni bhavanti / tasya asya prabhākaryāṃ bodhisattvabhūmau sthitasya bodhisattvasya anekān kalpān yāvadanekāni kalpakoṭiniyutaśatasahastrāṇi ....peyālaṃ.....anupacayaṃ mithyārāgaḥ prahāṇaṃ gacchati, anupacayaṃ mithyādoṣaḥ prahāṇaṃ gacchati, anupacayaṃ mithyāmohaḥ prahāṇaṃ gacchati /" ityuktam / atastasya rāgo dveṣo mohaśca parikṣīṇo bhavati / kathaṃ hi te sadā laukikakāmarāgāt upahantuṃ samarthā bhaviṣyantīti yathā- "iyaṃ bhavanto jinaputrā bodhisattvasya prabhākarī nāma tṛtīyā bodhisattvabhūmiḥ samāsanirdeśataḥ, yasyāṃ pratiṣṭhito bodhisattvo bhūyastvena indro bhavati devarājastridaśādhipatiḥ kṛtī prabhuḥ sattvānāṃ kāmarāgavinivartanopāyopasaṃhārāya kuśalaḥ sattvān kāmapaṅkādabhyuddhartum", ityuktam / ataḥ sa jinaputro laukikakāmarāgān upahantuṃ samartho bhaviṣyati / evam asya bodhisattvasya tṛtīyabodhisattvabhūmau viśuddhakṣāntipāramitādhyānāparimāṇasamāpatyabhijñā rāgādiparikṣayasya ca niścitaprāptirbhaviṣyatītyuktvā adhunā tu kṣāntipāramitāparyantaṃ pāramitātrayāśrayaviśeṣaṃ sambhārasvabhāvaṃ phalaparisiddhivyavasthāṃ ca prakāśayitum ākhyāyate-
ime hi dānādimayāḥ tridharmā gṛhibhya uktāḥ sugataistu bhūyaḥ /
ta eva puṇyetyapi saṃbhṛtā hi sambuddharūpātmakakāyahetuḥ // madhy_3.12 //

bodhisattvā eva yathoktadānādyāśrayāḥ santi, tathāpi gṛhasthapravrajitabhedena tatra dvayoḥ saṃbhavaṃ vicintya tathoktam / tatra gṛhastheṣu prāyeṇa dānādayastrayo dharmāḥ susādhyāḥ, parivrājakeṣu ca vīryaṃ, dhyānaṃ tathā prajñā / na cetaretarāsaṃbhāvanā / buddhatvahetusambhārau tu dvau staḥ, sa cāsau puṇyasaṃbhāro jñānasaṃbhāraśca / tatra puṇyasambhārastu tāstistraḥ pāramitāḥ santi, jñānasambhāraśca dhyānaṃ prajñā ca / vīryaṃ tūbhayaheturiti vyavasthā / tatra yaḥ puṇyasambhāraḥ sa saṃbuddhānāṃ bhagavatāṃ śatapuṇyalakṣaṇasya adabhutasya acintyasya viśvarūpamayasya rūpakāyasya hetuḥ / dharmasvabhāvakāyasya anutpādalakṣaṇasya hetustu jñānasambhāraḥ / samprati āśrayādimāhātmyena svamahatvam uktvā tṛtīyabodhisattvabhūmyavasthā samākhyāyate-

prabhākarīyaṃ jinaputrasūrye tamaḥ svakaṃ pūrvataraṃ vināśya / samīhate lokatamo vihantuṃ /

sugataputrasūryasthiteyaṃ prabhākarībhūmiḥ svāśritām avidyāṃ ātmodbhavavighnabhūtāṃ jāyamānāvasthāyāmeva vināśya tatprakāropadeśena tadbhinnānāṃ tṛtīyabhūmyudbhavavighnāndhakāraṃ vihantuṃ samīhate / sa bodhisattvaḥ-
na cātra kopo bhuvi tīkṣṇabhūte // madhy_3.13 //
sa tu doṣāndhakārāṇāṃ pratibandhakānāṃ nāśanena sūryavad atitīkṣṇatāvatāre 'pi doṣayuktajanebhyo na krudhyati / kṣānterativiśiṣṭābhyāsāt karuṇayā santateḥ snigdhatvācca /

madhyamakāvatārabhāṣye tṛtīyaścittotpādaḥ /

4. caturthaścittotpādaḥ

samprati dānaśīlakṣāntipāramitābhyo vīryapāramitāyā atirekadeśanādvāreṇa caturthacittotpādamadhikṛtya ākhyāyate-

guṇā aśeṣā anugamya vīryaṃ dvayostu heturmatipuṇyarāśyoḥ /
yato bhavet projjvalameva vīryam arciṣmatī bhūḥ khalu sā caturthī // madhy_4.1 //

kuśalakarmānutsāhamaye tu sarvathā dānādāpravṛtteḥ sarvaguṇotpādo 'saṃbhavaḥ / pūrvoktaguṇasañcayasamutsuke tu prāptāprāptayorvṛddhiprāptisaṃbhavād yasya kasyacid guṇasya hetustu vīryameva asti / sambhāradvayahetustu pūrvata ākhyātaḥ / tad vīryaṃ svaguṇapariśuddhidvārā yasyāṃ bhūmāvadhijvalati sā tu caturthī bodhisatvabhūmiḥ arciṣmatīti syāt / api ca, kasya hetorarciṣmatīti ākhyāyate-nāmāvatārahetudeśanārtham-

sambodhipakṣasya vibhāvanāto jāto 'vabhāsaḥ sugatasya putre / tāmraprabhāyā adhikaṃ vibhāti

ityuktam / evam asyāṃ bhūmau bodhisattve saptatriṃśad bodhipākṣikadharmabhāvanena pūrvākhyātatāmraprabhāyā viśiṣṭo 'vabhāsa upapadyate / tasmāt samyagjñānāgniprabhopapādena sā bodhisattvabhūmirarciṣmatītyākhyāyate / saptatriṃśad bodhipākṣikā dharmastu evam- catvāri smṛtyupasthānāni, catvāri samyakprahāṇāni, catvāra ṛddhipādāḥ, pañcendriyāṇi, pañca balāni, sapta bodhyaṅgāni āryāṣṭāṅgamārgaścetyuktāḥ / tatra catvāri smṛtyupasthānāni- "jinaputrā, bodhisattvo 'syāmarciṣmatyāṃ bodhisattvabhūmau pratiṣṭhito 'dhyātmaṃ kāye kāyānudarśī viharati, ātāpī saṃprajānan smṛtimān vinīya loko 'bhidhyādaurmanasye / bahirdhā kāye (kāyānudarśī viharati, ātāpī saṃprajānan smṛtimān vinīya loke 'bhidhyādaurmanasye) adhyātmaṃ bahirdhā kāye / evamevādhyātmaṃ vedanāsu bahirdhā vedanāsu adhyātmaṃ bahirdhā vedanāsu / evamadhyātmaṃ citte bahirdhā citte 'dhyātmaṃ bahirdhā citte / adhyātmaṃ dharmeṣu dharmānudarśī (viharati ātāpī saṃprajānan smṛtimān) bahirdhā dharmeṣu dharmānudarśī ... evamadhyātmaṃ bahirdhā dharmeṣu... /" iti vistṛtanirdeśavat /

catvāri samyakprahāṇāni yathā- "so 'nutpannānāṃ pāpakānāmakuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāmanutpādāya cchandaṃ janayati vyāyacchate vīryamārabhate cittaṃ pragṛhṇāti samyakpraṇidadhāti / utpannānāṃ pāpakānāmakuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ

prahāṇāya[itipūrvavat] / anutpannānāṃ kuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāmutpādāya [itipūrvavat] / utpannānāṃ kuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ sthitaye 'saṃpramoṣāya vaipulyāya bhūyobhāvāya (bhāvanāya) paripūraye [cchandaṃ janayati, vyāyacchate- tu pūrvavat] /"

catvāro ṛddhipādāḥ "chandasamādhiprahāṇasaṃskārasamanvāgataṃ ṛddhipādaṃ bhāvayati vivekaniścitaṃ virāganiścitaṃ nirodhaniścitaṃ vyavasargapariṇataṃ [tadvat] vīrya [samādhiprahāṇasaṃskārasamanvāgataṃ ṛddhipādaṃ] bhāvayati citta [samādhiprahāṇasaṃskārasamanvāgataṃ ṛddhipādaṃ] bhāvayati mīmāṃsā [samādhiprahāṇasaṃskārasamanvāgataṃ ṛddhipādaṃ] bhāvayatītyādi pūrvavat /"

pañcendriyāṇi tadyathā- "sa śraddhendriyaṃ bhāvayati [iti tadvat] vivekaniścitaṃ...vīryendriyaṃ....smṛtīndriyaṃ....samādhīndriyaṃ...prajñendriyaṃ...sa / "bhāvayati virāganiścitaṃ ityādi / pañcabalāni tu tānyevāsapakṣaparājitāni pūrvavat / sapta bodhyaṅgāni- tadyathā- "(sa) smṛti-saṃbodhyaṅgaṃ bhāvayati, [ityādi] dharmapravicaya [bodhyaṅgaṃ] vīrya [saṃbodhyaṅgaṃ] prīti [saṃbodhyaṅgaṃ] prastrabdhi-[saṃbodhyaṅgaṃ] samādhi [saṃbodhyaṅgaṃ] upekṣā [saṃbodhyaṅgaṃ bhāvayati ityādi pūrvavat] /"

āryāṣṭāṅgamārgastu yathā- "samyakdṛṣṭiṃ bhāvayati [virāganiścitaṃ nirodha- niścitaṃ vyavasargapariṇataṃ] samyaksaṅkalpaṃ [api pūrvavat] samyagvācaṃ........ samyakkarmāntaṃ......samyagājīvaṃ......samyagvyāyāmaṃ.....samyaksmṛtiṃ...samyaksamādhiṃ /" [bhāvayati ityādi pūrvavat /] asyāṃ bhūmau na kevalaṃ bodhipākṣikabhāvanotpādo 'pitu-
saṃkṣīyate cātmadṛśo 'nuṣaṅgaḥ // madhy_4.2 //
asyāṃ bhūmau tasya ātmadṛṣṭikṣayo 'pi bhavati- tathā- "jinaputrā, bodhisattvasya asyāmarciṣmatyāṃ bodhisattvabhūmau sthitasya yānīmāni satkāyadṛṣṭipūrvaṅgamāni ātmasattvajīvapoṣa (puruṣa) pudalaskandhadhātvāyatanābhiniveśasamucchritāni unmarjjitāni nimajjitāni vicintitāni vitarkitāni kelāyitāni mamāyitāni dhanāyitāni niketasthānāni, tāni sarvāṇi vigatāni bhavanti sma /" ityuktam /

iti madhyamakāvatārabhāṣye 'rciṣmatī nāma caturthaścittotpādaḥ /

5. pañcamaścittotpādaḥ

samprati pañcamacittotpādādhikāraḥ-

sa durjayābhūmigato mahātmā kṣamo na jetuṃ hyapi sarvamāraiḥ /

pañcamabodhisattvabhūmau sthito bodhisattvastu sarvalokadhātusthitairdevaputramārairapi jetuṃ na kṣamaḥ tatpareṣāṃ mārakiṅkarādīnāṃ kaḥ punarvādaḥ? ata eva asyā bhūmernāma sudurjayeti / bodhisattvastu-
dhyāne viśiṣṭe sumateśca satyasūkṣmasvabhāvādhigame 'tidakṣaḥ // madhy_5.1 //
jñātavyaḥ / tatra daśapāramitāsu dhyānapāramitaiva ativiśiṣṭā bhavati / sumatīti āryāḥ / teṣāṃ satyāni sumatisatyāni āryasatyānītyarthaḥ / svabhāvastu svarūpam / sūkṣmajñānādhigatasvabhāvastu sūkṣmasvabhāvaḥ, bhadramatisatyānāṃ sūkṣmasvarūpasya jñāne 'tidakṣo bhavati / caturāryasatyāni tu duḥkhasamudayanirodhamārgāḥ / bhagavatā satyaṃ tu dvayameva diṣṭamiti tadyathā- saṃvṛtisatyaṃ paramārthasatyañca / yathā-pitāputrasamāgamasūtre-

satya ime duvi lokavidūnāṃ diṣṭa svayaṃ aśruṇitva pareṣām / saṃvṛti yā ca tathā paramārtho satyu na sidhyati kiṃ ca tṛtīyu // ityuktam / madhyamakaśāstre 'pi-

dve satye samupāśritya buddhānāṃ dharmadeśanā / lokasaṃvṛtisatyaṃ ca satyaṃ ca paramārthataḥ // ityuktam / ataḥ kvasatyadvayātiriktāni anyāni caturāryasatyāni santīti cet- āravyāyate- yadyapi evam, tathāpi heyopādeyayoḥ pṛthak pṛthak hetuphalabhāvadeśanārthaṃm atra caturāryasatyāni uktāni / tatra heyapakṣastu saṃkleśaḥ / tatphalaṃ ca duḥkhasatyam / hetuśca samudayasatyam / upādeyapakṣastu vyavadānam, tasya phalaṃ nirodhasatyam / tatprāptiheturmārgasatyam / tatra duḥkhasamudayamārgasatyānāṃ saṃvṛtisatye 'ntarbhāvaḥ / nirodhasatyaṃ paramārthasatyasvarūpam / tathāparaṃ satyaṃ yat kiṃcit syāt tasyāpi yathāyogaṃ satyadvaye 'ntarbhāva eva niśceyaḥ / kiṃ catuḥsatyātiriktamaparamapi satyamastīti cet? ākhyātam / yathā-bodhisattvapañcamabhūmau - "idaṃ duḥkhamāryasatyamiti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / ayaṃ duḥkhasamudaya āryasatyamiti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / ayaṃ duḥkhanirodha āryasatyamiti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / iyaṃ duḥkhanirodhagāminī pratipadāryasatyamiti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / sa saṃvṛtisatyakuśalaśca bhavati / paramārthasatyakuśalaśca bhavati / lakṣaṇasatyakuśalaśca bhavati / vibhāgasatyakuśalaśca bhavati / nistīraṇasatyakuśalaśca bhavati / vastusatyakuśalaśca bhavati / prabhavasatyakuśalaśca bhavati / kṣayānutpādasatyakuśalaśca bhavati / mārgajñānāvatārasatyakuśalaśca bhavati / sarvabodhisattvabhūmikramānusaṃdhiniṣpādanatayā yāvattathāgatajñānasamudayasatyakuśalaśca bhavati / sa parasattvānāṃ yathāśayasaṃtoṣaṇātsaṃvṛtisatyaṃ prajānāti / ekanayasamavasaraṇātparamārthasatyaṃ prajānāti / svasāmānyalakṣaṇānubodhāllakṣaṇasatyaṃ prajānāti / dharmavibhāgavyavasthānānubodhādvibhāgasatyaṃ prajānāti / skandhadhātvāyatanavyavasthānānubodhānnistīraṇasatyaṃ prajānāti / cittaśarīraprapīḍanopanipātitatvādvastusatyam, gatisaṃdhisaṃbandhanatvātprabhavasatyam, sarvajvaraparidāhātyantopaśamātkṣayānutpādasatyam, [advayānutpādasatyam,] advayābhinirhārānmārgajñānāvatārasatyam, sarvākārābhisaṃbodhaḥ sarvabodhisattvabhūmikramānusaṃdhiniṣpādanatayāyāvattathāgatajñānasamudayasatyaṃ prajānāti /" ityuktavat /

iti madhyamakāvatārabhāṣye sudurjayākhyaḥ pañcamaścittotpādaḥ /

[chapter 6 not available at present]
-- Madhyamakāvatāra 1-5 (Academic edition — see source file header)